“教”的读音演变及其与“叫”的历时更替

The Pronunciation Evolution of Jiao(教) and the Diachronic Replacement with Jiao(叫)

在表"使令"义上,唐代以前,主要以"使"、"令"为主;宋金时期,"教(交)"取代"使"和"令"成为当时口语中表"使令"义的主导词;而大约在明末清初,"教"在与"叫"的竞争中失去优势,被淘汰出局,"叫"成为至今表"使令"义的主导词。"教"本读去声,表"使令"义的"教"读作平声是为与原义区别而产生的一种破读,之所以后来又重新读为去声,是受"叫"读音影响的结果。

＂Shi＂ and ＂ling＂ were used mainly with the meaning of ＂shi ling＂ before the TangDynasty. ＂jiao （教）＂ became the dominant word in the spoken language in Song and Jin Dynastyreplacing ＂shi＂ and ＂ling＂. But in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, ＂jiao（教） ＂ lost the dominantposition in the competition and were abandoned, and ＂jiao （叫）＂ became the dominant word meaning＂shi ling＂. The falling tone ＂（jiao） （教）＂ was first adopted and the level tone was to make a distinctionwith the original meaning. The change back to the falling tone later was the result of the influence of＂jiao （叫）＂.