南京国民政府公务员生活状况演变之探讨

On the Changes of the living conditions of Civil Servants in Nanjing National Government

南京国民政府统治前期,政府公务员的生活状况从其月俸给折算大米数量、恩格尔系数等多方面考察都在一个较高水平上。而抗战期间,从公务员货币收入指数、真实收入指数等方面考察,其生活状况日益恶化。1943年和1937年相比,公务员生活水平普遍下降了90%以上。到1947年,中央公务员的收入已经和战前最低级别公务员的收入相差无几,而低级别公务员的月收入仅相当于战前南京市黄包车夫的月收入。极低的收入使俸给制度的控制与激励作用下降,公务员与政府离心力加大,贪污腐败加剧,进而加速了政府的溃败。

During the early reign of Nanjing National Government, civil servants＇ living condition stayed on a high level. But in the period of the Anti-Japanese War, their living conditions became worse.Compared with those in 1937, the living conditions decreased by 90% in 1944. In 1947, the civil servants＇ living conditions of the Central Government had decreased to a level as low as the one for thelowest rank of civil servants before the Anti-Japan War, and the county civil servants＇ monthly salaries were nearly the same as the ones for the rickshaw men in Nanjing. The low salary led to the degenerationin the control and incentive scheme of the remuneration system and aggravated corruption and infidelity of the civil servants, which finally resulted in the collapse of Nanjing National Government.