超声探测颈动脉硬化性斑块的临床意义

The clinical significance of ultrasound scanning of arteriosclerosis plaque in carotid artery

目的了解安徽省电网公司45岁以上员工颈动脉斑块的患病情况以及斑块与高血压、冠心病、高血糖、高血脂、高尿酸和心电图异常的相关性。方法对797例45岁以上的该部员工的颈动脉进行超声探测,并询问记录病史,测定其血压、空腹血糖、血脂、血尿酸水平,做心电图检查。根据颈动脉是否有斑块,将797例人员分为颈动脉斑块阳性组(203例)和阴性组(594例),对两组的高血压、高血糖、冠心病史、高尿酸、高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症、低高密度脂蛋白血症及心电图异常的资料比较分析。结果斑块的阳性率以颈总动脉分叉部为最高(41.9%,85/203)。高年龄段比低年龄段的斑块阳性率高(P<0.05)。有2例管腔狭窄较重。颈动脉斑块阳性组的高血压、冠心病史、高血糖、高尿酸和心电图异常的阳性率均高于颈动脉斑块阴性组(P<0.01)。结论高龄与颈动脉斑块的发生密切相关,颈动脉斑块阳性者易发生高血压、冠心病、高血糖、高尿酸及心电图异常。因此超声探测颈动脉斑块对防治心脑血管病及代谢性疾病意义较大。

Objective To know the status that the workers aged over 45 in Anhui Grid Corporation suffered from arte- riosclerosis plaque in cartid artery and explore the relationship between hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, hyper- uricemia,coronary heart disease and abnormality of EKG and the formation of arteriosclerosis plaque. Methods Seven hun- dred and ninty seven workers aged over 45 were examined by ultrasound scanning of carotid artery, measurement of blood pressure and check of EKG. Fasting blood was collected from each of them for measuring glucose, lipid, uricacid level.Their medical histories were recorded. 797 workers were divided into two groups, plaque group （203 cases） and non- plaque group（594 cases）. The positive rates of hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low blood high-density lipoprotein,hyperuricemia, coronary heart disease, abnormality of EKG were compared between the two groups. Results The positive rate of plaque in the fork part of common carotid artery was the highest among those in all parts of carotid artery （41.9%, 85/203）. The rate of plaque increased with age. There were two cases with obvious carotidartery stenosis. The positive rates of hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia and abnormality of EKG of plaque group were higher than those of non-plaque group （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The formation of plaque in carotid artery was connected with advanced age. People with plaque in carotid artery were easily suffered from hyperten- sion, coronary heart disease, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia and abnormality of EKG. Therefore, it is important to make ul- trasound scanning of plaque in carotid artery to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and dis- eases of metabolism