中国近代沿海灯塔建筑及其体现的建筑史学价值

Architecture Value of Coastal Lighthouse in Chinese Modern Times

灯塔属现代交通建筑范畴,是当时从欧洲引进的新建筑类型,功能性很强,多数地处海岛,建筑材料运输困难,现场施工难度很大。鸦片战争后,清政府陆续开展灯塔等沿海航标设施建设,先后建成一百多座灯塔。早期建造的沿海近代灯塔建筑根据具体情况采用多种结构形式,如1895年建成的北渔山灯塔,采用预制装配式铸铁结构,是中国近代建筑史时期引进西方现代建筑类型、建筑材料与建筑结构的典型案例,同时体现了当时欧洲现代主义建筑萌芽时期革新与守旧并存的建筑形式,是中国近代建筑史早期特定建筑领域的特殊建筑现象。

Lighthouse is a modern kind of transport architecture which was a new architecture type imported in Europe, it has strong functionality, most locates on islands, it is very hard to transport materials there and construct it. The newly established China Custom after Opium War commenced to build modern coastal navigation markers, accomplished over 100 lighthouses. Early Chinese modern coastal lighthouses use many kinds of structure forms depending on the condition. Beiyushan lighthouse which built in 1895 adopt prefabricated cast iron structure, is an example of introducing architecture style, architecture material and architecture structure of western architecture, and represents the coexist of renovation and fogyism of European architecture at that time, which is a special architectural phenomenon in the special architectural field during the early era of Chinese modern architecture.