红光与远红光比值对切花菊‘神马’发育和外观品质的影响

Effects of red/far red light ratio on the development and appearance quality of cut chrysanthemum cultivar 'Jingba' in greenhouse.

为了探讨不同R/FR值对温室切花菊发育进程和品质的影响,以切花菊品种‘神马’(Chrysanthemum morifoliumcv.‘Jingba’)为试材,设计不同红光(R:660nm!10nm)与远红光(FR:730nm!10nm)比值(R/FR)为0.5、2.5、4.5、6.5的LED灯照射处理试验,以自然光为对照(CK),观测不同处理的菊花发育阶段和品质指标。结果表明:与CK相比,R/FR=2.5处理显著加快菊花的发育进程(P<0.05),R/FR=2.5处理下短日照处理到现蕾、现蕾到破蕾及破蕾到收获3个发育阶段分别比CK提前4d、8d和5d,R/FR=0.5处理发育速度最慢,3个阶段分别比CK晚4d、2d和2d;不同R/FR值处理下菊花株高、单株叶龄、单株叶面积、茎粗、花径和花梗长度均随温光效应的增加呈增加的趋势,并在R/FR=2.5时取得最大值;收获时切花菊达到A级和B级产品等级的比例分别以R/FR=2.5和4.5处理最高。本研究发现,R/FR为2.5能够显著促进菊花发育进程和提高菊花的外观品质和A级切花的比例。

In order to understand the effects of red/far red light ratio on the development and cut flower quality of Chrysanthemum in greenhouse,Chrysanthemum morifolium cv.＇Jingba＇ was taken as test material,and a LED light source irradiation experiment with 4 ratios（0.5,2.5,4.5,and 6.50） of red light（R：660 nm±10nm） to far-red light（FR：730 nm±10 nm） was conducted,with the development stages and cut flower quality index measured.At R/FR=2.5,the development process of chrysanthemum plant accelerated significantly（P0.05）,with the development stages from short day treatment to budding,from budding to broken budding,and from broken budding to harvest advanced by 4,8 and 5 days,respectively,as compared with those under natural light（CK）.At R/FR=0.5,the development speed of chrysanthemum plant was the slowest,and the three development stages were 4,2 and 2 days later than the CK,respectively.In all R/FR treatments,the plant height,leaf number per plant,leaf area per plant,stem diameter,flower diameter,and flower stalk length of chrysanthemum all increased with the increasing effects of temperature and light,and the maximum values were obtained at R/FR=2.5.The proportions of grade A and grade B cut flowers at harvest were the largest at R/FR=2.5 and 4.5,respectively.It was suggested R/FR=2.5 could promote the development process of chrysanthemum significantly,and improve the appearance quality of cut chrysanthemum and the proportion of grade A cut flower.