“未至之前”句式溯源

TRACE to the Source of the Sentence Type of "wei-zhi-zhiqian(未至之前)"

从语料出发,通过语义分析和形式验证,初步地研究证明:"未VP之前",例如"未至之前"句式的源头可上溯到先秦时代蕴含时间义的"未VP"句式。"未VP"句式既包括"未至+处所+数量"句式,又包括"未至+数量(距离或时间)"句式。由蕴含时间义的"未VP"组成的句子多为复句,分句之间的语义关系类型随着历史的发展逐渐减少。各历史阶段的此类复句均以并列和因果关系句为主。"未VP之前"句式的否定词一般由"未"、"尚未"、"未曾"、"不曾"、"没"、"没有"等充当,用来揭示客观情况;受语境和语义的影响,"未VP之前"句式的否定词很少由"不"充当,"不VP之前"重在表达主观态度。

Based on the corpus,it has been proved by preliminary study through semantics analysis and formal verification that the source of the sentence type of ＂wei VP zhiqian（未VP之前）＂,for example,＂wei-zhi-zhiqian（未至之前）＂ can be traced back to the sentence type of ＂wei VP ＂ which contains the meaning of time in the Pre-Qin period.The sentence type of ＂wei VP（未VP）＂ not only consists of the sentence type of ＂wei-zhi（未至） ＋ place＋ number＂,but also the sentence type of ＂wei-zhi（未至）＋number（distance or time）＂.The sentences formed according to ＂wei VP（未VP）＂ which contains the meaning of time are mostly sentences of two or more clauses and the types of the semantic relations between the clauses have decreased gradually along with the development of the history.These kinds of complex sentences in different periods of the history are all mainly coordinate sentences and causal sentences.＂wei（未）＂,＂shangwei（尚未）＂,＂weiceng（未曾）＂,＂buceng（不曾）＂ ＂mei（没）＂,＂meiyou（没有）＂,etc.generally serve as the negative words of the sentence type of ＂wei VP zhiqian（未VP之前）＂ in order to show the objective condition;＂bu（不）＂ rarely serves as its negative word influenced by the context and the semantics.＂bu VP zhiqian（不VP之前）＂ mainly expresses subjective attitudes.