太行菊属植物花粉形态研究

Studies on Pollen Morphology of Opisthopappus Shih

以采自河北、河南、山西太行菊属2种植物17个种群的花粉为实验材料,利用扫描电镜对其形态进行系统观察和比较,并进行聚类分析,探讨太行菊属植物的演化进程路线。结果显示:(1)太行菊属花粉为单粒花粉,球形或近球形,极面观三裂圆形,具3孔沟。(2)扫描电子显微镜下花粉外壁纹饰以刺-颗粒状复合纹饰为主,刺基部膨大,体积较小属小型花粉。(3)聚类分析及花粉形态的演化规律分析结果显示,长裂太行菊种群花粉在刺长刺密度、网眼密度、萌发孔深度等方面都较太行菊种群进化,是太行菊属中较为进化的一个种。研究表明,太行菊属植物可能最初起源于河南中部,在随后的进化过程中,向北发展到河北地区,沿西北进入山西地区。

The pollen grains of Opisthopappus Shih from Hebei, Henan and Shanxi Province were examined under Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）. （1）The pollen grains were spherical or subsphaeroidal;The polar view was 3-1abed-rounded. They all had 3 colporates. （2）The ornamentation of the exine was spinule- granular under SEM. The base of thorn was swelling and the volume was small pertaining to small pollen. （3）The evolution of Opisthopappus was discussed in terms of the clustering result and the evolution rules of botanic pollen. The pollen of O. longilobus at spine length and density, ostiole density, colpus depth is more advanced than that of O. taihangensis. The Opisthopappus plants may initially originated from the central of Henan Province, in the subsequent evolution process, along the north to Hebei area, along the northwest into Shanxi area.