施肥与保水剂对半干旱区马铃薯增产效应的研究

Effects of fertilization and water retaining agent on yield of potato

在陇中半干旱区，探讨施肥和施加保水剂对马铃薯增产效应的影响。结果表明：保水剂、施肥都可以增加马铃薯产量，而保水剂与施肥结合对马铃薯的增产效果更加显著，体现了保水剂和施肥结合的交互作用。施用保水剂增加了冠幅（17．5％一52．7％），增加了马铃薯植株有效光合面积；在盛花期及块茎膨大期，保水剂结合施肥提高了马铃薯叶片光合速率，延长了马铃薯茎叶生育期8～12d，延长了光合时间，产量得到相应增长。其中以处理B（普通施肥＋保水剂）效果最佳，比对照增产27．8％。

Effects of mixed use of fertilizer and water retaining agent on potato yield were studied in semi-arid area of central Gansu. The results showed that the water retaining agent or fertilizer alone could increase potato yield, while the coordinate application of water retaining agent and fertilizer could improve the yield of vegetable remarkably, arisen from interaction effect of water retaining agent and fertilizer. Water retaining agent could improve crown and photosynthesis area of potato. Mixed use of fertilizer and water retaining agent could improve photosynthetic rate and extend growth stage by 8 ~ 12 d in the leaf and stem of potato in flowering and tuber expansion stage. To sum up, mixed use of fertilizer and water retaining agent could improve high photosynthesis, increase photosynthesis area and prolong photosynthetic period, resulting in an increase in yield. Compared with control, treatment B had significant effect on potato yield, increased by 27.8 %.