大学生的择业完美主义及其形成机制

Career Decision-Making Perfectionism of College Students and Its Developmental Causes

以文献和已有相关问卷、量表为基础,结合开放式问卷调查所获资料,运用因素分析编制大学生择业完美主义量表。该量表具有较高的信度和效度,包含两个因素:追求理想和在乎挫折。学校、年级和成绩因素影响追求理想,性别和城乡因素影响在乎挫折。积极教养方式如情感温暖理解等促进追求理想,消极教养方式如惩罚严厉等导致在乎挫折。教师、同学、完美偶像等因素在择业完美主义形成中也起重要作用。

A scale of career decision-making for college students was developed based on several previouslyproved related scales and open questionnaires. EFA and CFA were used in the development. The scale had two factors： self-actualization and minding frus tration. The psychometric properties analysis showed that the scale achieved from good to excel- lent levels of internal consistency, test-retest relia- bility and content, construct and criteria-related validity. The factors of colleges, grades and academic performance impacted selfactualization while genderand rural or urban areas impacted minding frustration. Moreover, positive parenting such as emotional warmth improved self-actualization while negative parenting such as punishmentstrictness led to minding frustration. Besides, teachers, peers and social perfect model are important factors influencing the development of the perfectionism.