英国科技人力资源移民美国的历史考察

Historical Investigation of the Cross-border Transfer of British Human Resources in Science and Technology to the United States

19世纪英国科技人力资源的国际迁移为美国工业化提供了必不可少的科技骨干;二战后英国实力的整体下滑使其人才流失的趋势不可逆转,而美国的人才智库则不断被充实。英国科技人力资源移民美国的历史体现了英、美两国国力的兴衰。随着全球化进程的加快,科技人力资源在世界范围内的流动已成不可阻挡的趋势。知识创新时代,没有哪个国家能够实行自给自足的人才政策,也没有哪个国家能够单凭人才引进从根本上解决人力资源问题。出台与改革相关政策、制度以提高本国科技人力资源的素质,吸引国际化高端人才并推动本国人力资源回流,必将成为关系各国未来发展的重要问题。

The United States was the major country of destination for the British immigration and academic exchanges. In the 1960s, the phenomenon that Britain had a huge loss of scientific and technological talents to the United States triggered a strong reaction from the British Parliament and the general public; however, Britain didn＇t issue the policy of recruiting specialized personnel until the late 20th century. In the final analysis, the significant decline of the national power accounts fundamentally for the British brain drain to the United States in the 20th century.