泰山信仰功能的演变与佛教中国化进程

The change of Mount Tai Belief and Buddhism's Development in China

泰山治鬼观念在两汉时期民间已普遍流行。佛教初传中国,为了传播的需要迎合民众的传统思想将地狱说成泰山。魏晋时期,在佛道两教的共同利用下泰山府君成为民间流行的掌管冥间之神。随着佛教的深入发展,人们普遍接受因果报应和轮回转世说,梁齐以后,阎罗王信仰开始占据优势。唐代,地藏菩萨特殊的地狱救度功能使它在民间迅速流行逐步成为地狱之主,阎罗王和泰山王变为冥神之一。至五代宋初,形成了以地藏菩萨为主神与阎罗王和泰山王等十殿阎王结合的地狱诸神体系,实现了佛教与中国传统文化的融合,也标志着佛教冥报思想中国化的最终成熟。

Mount Tai Belief that all souls return has generally populated in Han Dynasty.Buddhists started to spread doctrine by taking the hell as Mount Tai to cater Chinese traditional psychology.Thus Mount Tai God became the lord of hell.With the Buddhism＇s development,Yaman Belief begon to be in the better hand after Liang Qi Dynasties.In the earlier Tang Dynasty,Ti-tsang Bodhisattva gradually became the owner of hell while Mount Tai God became one of the Gods of hell.Until the end of the Medieval,China,Ti-tang Bodhisattva unified with ten kings,which Mount Tai God became one of them.