古代中国和希腊幸福观对比研究

A Comparative Research on the Study of Happiness in Ancient China and Greece

古代的中国和希腊对于幸福观有众多相似和相异,从文化的角度对三个方面进行阐述:幸福的含义,幸福的构成以及幸福的实现方式。古代中国和希腊的幸福论都可以分为理性主义和感性主义两大类;古代中国人和希腊人都从身体、财富和道德三方面来界定幸福。但是,幸福的观念在希腊人是生命的最终目的和意义,并一直被作为哲学中一个重要的命题探讨;而在中国人幸福只是衡量君子德行的工具。对于幸福的构成,中国人注重寿命的延长而希腊人则看重身体的健美。在幸福的实现问题上,中国人倚重个人内求于心,而希腊人倚重社会外求于物。虽然两者都奉行禁欲主义,但其着眼点、目的和方式上有很大的不同。

The philosophy in ancient China and ancient Greece shares a lot in their opinions to happiness.This research lines out their similarities as well as the differences from a cultural perspective.It covers the concept of happiness,t he components of happiness and the actualization of happiness.Both ancient Chinese and ancient Greeks value happiness with physical health, fortune and virtue, but the Greeks regard happiness as one of the ultimate goals of living while the Chinese treat it as a scale of human nobility.For the components of happiness, Chinese focus on the longevity of living while the Greeks center on the physical fitness of human structure.In the actualization of happiness, Chinese rely on human heart while the Greeks seek it from the outer world.Asceticism is advocated in both culture, but the stresses, aims and methods are all different.