安徽安庆市“兴林抑螺"控制血吸虫病远期效果的观察

Evaluate of the long-term effect of the afforestation ecological program on schistosomiasis control in Anqing

目的评价湖沼型血吸虫病流行区"兴林抑螺"工程控制血吸虫病的远期效果。方法选择安庆市江滩型血吸虫病流行区的新洲乡和海口镇南埂村作为试点,观察造林前后林区与对照区活螺平均密度、有螺框岀现率、感染螺等螺情指标;并观察试点区人群血吸虫感染率、急性感染病例等指标变化情况。结果造林后林区螺情呈现下降→回升→再下降的过程,这与林区实施林间套种→停止套种→林术闭郁的过程相→致,其中螺情回升期间,两试点的活螺密度和有螺框出现率分别占造林前4.6%～90.8%、9.2%～86.5%和0.1%～16.7%、41.14%～94.9%,均未超过造林前水平;而对照区螺情指标则无明显变化。两试点中人群感染状况变化则较为滞后,并岀现徘徊状态。结论实施"兴林抑螺"林业血防工程,在一定程度上能够控制钉螺孳生和防止人群感染血吸虫,但应强调林间套种和加强林区管理,才能有效控制血吸虫病疫情。

Objective To evaluate the long-term effect of the afforestation ecological program on schistosomiasis control. Methods Xinzhou Township and Nangeng Village in Haikou Township of Anqing City were selected as pilot areas, the mean density of hying snails, the rate of frames with snails, and the density of infected snails in the pilot areas and control areas before and after the implementation of the program were observed and compared, and the changes of the infection rate of schistosomiasis in residents and the number of acute schistosomiasis cases in the pilot areas were observed. Results After the implementation of the program, the snail situations in the two pilot areas appeared a tendency of decrease first, then rising, and decrease again at last, which was consistent with the situation change of carting out the interplanting and stopping the interplanting when canopy closure. In the period of snail situation rising, the density of living snails and the rate of frames with living snails in the pliot areas respectively accounted for 4.6%-90.8%, 9.2%-86.5% and 0.1%- 16.7%, 41.14%-94.9% of that before the implementation of the program, however, the control areas had no change. The change of schistosomiasis infection rate in residents in the pilots areas was relatively slow, and fluctuated back and forth. Conclusion The afforestation ecological program can control snail breeding and decrease schistosomiasis infection rate of residents in a certain range, but it must be enhance interplanting and program management so as to control schistosomiasis effectively.