杂草稻分类及起源研究进展

Recent Advances in Taxonomy and Origin of Weedy Rice

杂草稻已成为影响全球水稻生产的恶性杂草。关于分类及起源一直是杂草稻研究的热点问题,但至今尚无定论。杂草稻是指在人工栽培稻田中或稻田周边耕地里,通过种子落粒等对自然环境的极强适应能力而自然繁衍其群体,对稻田生态系统产生不利影响的稻属植株或群体。一般可根据形态特性、籼粳亚种属性、栽培型和野生型对杂草稻进行分类。杂草稻可能起源于栽培稻与野生稻的基因渐渗、籼粳亚中间杂交和栽培稻种间杂交,部分杂草稻可能是普通野生稻演化成原始栽培稻的过渡形态,栽培稻与杂草稻自然异交可产生更多的杂草稻类型。因此,提出了杂草稻分散起源的假说,认为杂草稻很可能是多次起源,而且杂草稻在不同地区可能是分散起源。对利用籼粳基因组分化和稻属驯化相关基因研究杂草稻起源的可行性及重要意义进行了分析。

As a kind of malignant weeds in rice paddy fields,weedy rice spread worldwide.Although the taxonomy and origin of weedy rice are hot issues,the understanding for this area is still insufficient.Weedy rice refers to rice plants growing in paddy field and its surrounding area as a weedy type which impact paddy field ecosystem seriously.Weedy rice is natural reproduction population which has many undomesticated traits such as seeds shattering and then could be alble to multiply itself by acclimatization.Weedy rice could be classified by morphology,subspecies attribute and cultivated form.In regard to origin of weedy rice there are some hypothesises.For instance,gene introgression between cultivated rice and wild rice,hybridization by intersubspecific and intrasubspecific,transition form evoluting from wild type to original cultivated form.New form Weedy rice could be shaped by outcrossing between cultivated rice and early Weedy rice.The hypothesis was put forward that the origin pattern of weedy rice is dispersed even multiply in different regions.Moreover,The significant information of genome differentiation between subspecies and cloning of domestication-related genes coulld contribute to the reveal of Weedy rice origination.