嫦娥二号卫星轨道确定与测轨技术

Orbit determination and tracking technology of CE-2 satellite

嫦娥二号卫星轨道为运载火箭直接将卫星送入地月转移入口点、近月点100km高度月球捕获型轨道.该类型轨道确定及精度评估是测控需要解决的关键问题之一;X波段测量技术实验数据处理方法及精度评估是测定轨中要解决的另一关键问题.本文针对喷气卸载对转移轨道定轨的影响提出了截短观测弧段以提高轨道解算精度的定轨策略,提出了基于入轨轨道与地月转移第一次中途修正量的入轨点精度评估方法,以及基于渐进重叠弧段的近月捕获轨道精度评估方法,在摄动力分析的基础上给出了100km高环月工作轨道月球重力场模型选用策略.给出了深空相位测量数据处理方法,对X波段测距及DOR数据噪声进行了评估.分析表明,文中给出的定轨策略正确、可行,嫦娥二号卫星在地面控制中心的测控下准确进入环月工作轨道;X波段测量数据处理与精度分析方法正确,测速及时延数据噪声降低70%以上,测轨实验数据精度有显著提高.X波段测轨技术与数据处理方法适用于后续深空探测.

The article focuses on the orbit determination and tracking technology of CE-2 satellite. CE-2 satellite was injected into trans-lunar orbit directly by launch vehicle and captured by the Moon at perilune with altitude of 100 km. Orbit determination and accuracy estimation of CE-2 satellite is one key technology. Data process method and accuracy estimation of experimental data in X-band is another key technology. Considering the influence of momentum wheel unloading perturbation, an orbit determination strategy with shortening observation arc is put forward in order to improve the orbit accuracy. The estimation of accuracy of the injection position is given based on the satellite orbit and first trans-lunar midcourse correction. The estimation of accuracy of the lunar capture orbit is also given depending on overlap arc orbit determination. Based on the analysis of magnitude of perturbation, orbit determination strategy for CE-2 satellite lunar orbit is shown. The method of process deep space phase observation data in X-band is given. The noise of round-trip range data and DOR data in X-band is estimated. The noise of the experimental observation data in X-band is decreased obviously. CE-2 satellite entered the mission lunar orbit precisely under the control of the ground control center. Tracking technology and data process method in X-band can be used in future deep space exploration.