火车司机职业紧张及其影响因素分析

Occupational stress and influence factors among locomotive drivers

目的了解火车司机职业紧张现状及其影响因素。方法抽取福州、永安、邵武、漳平机务段初中文化以上、在职工龄≥1年、无精神疾患的火车司机1 077人,采用统一设计的调查表进行横断面流行病学调查,应用OSI-R量表、SDS自评量表、A型行为量表评价职业人群的职业应激、抑郁症状和A型行为,及职业紧张影响因素调查等;采用SPSS 18.0统计软件,运用t检验或方差分析、多元线性回归等统计方法,检验水准α=0.05。结果火车司机职业紧张评分为(252.19±38.16),在控制年龄、文化程度和婚姻状况下与列车员的职业紧张评分(253.88±41.49)比较,差异无统计学意义,但火车司机的紧张源评分(161.50±20.23)比列车员(154.27±21.79)高,紧张反应评分(90.69±20.73)比列车员(99.61±23.03)低,差异有统计学意义。不同的个体特征、行为/心理特征、应对资源和方式,职业紧张程度显著不同,逐步回归分析显示:抑郁障碍、生活情况、是否饮酒、适应能力、文化程度进入职业紧张回归方程,抑郁障碍的标准化偏回归系数最大,为0.537。火车司机紧张反应的影响因素分析显示,与朋友关系和个体适应能力与紧张反应呈负相关(r=-2.359,-2.702),对紧张反应呈正相关的有:抑郁障碍(r=0.452)与任务不适(r=0.912)、任务界限(r=0.680)、任务模糊(r=0.514)、责任感(r=0.710)、工作环境(r=0.364)这五个职业紧张因素。结论火车司机是高紧张状态的职业,调控措施可较好地控制紧张反应。火车司机职业紧张的主要影响因素是抑郁障碍、生活情况和适应能力、文化程度、饮酒,其中抑郁障碍对职业紧张的影响最大。职业紧张因素是紧张反应的重要危险因素,个体应对资源和方式是紧张反应的主要保护因素。

Objective To explore the state and influence factors of occupational stress among locomotive drivers.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by unified questionnaires in 1077 locomotive drivers by cluster sampling from Fuzhou,Shaowu,Yong＇an with the criteria that the drivers had more than 1 years experience and their education were above junior middle school without mental illness.The occupational stress,depressive symptom,type A behavior were evaluated by OSI-R,SDS,Type A Behavior scales,and the other risk factors of occupational stress was also investigated.Results（1） The scores of locomotive drivers evaluated by OSI-R was 252.19±38.16.After adjusting the confounding factors,compared with attendants,the scores of occupational stress were not different.The scores of career missions of drivers were higher than attendants,and the scores of individual nervous reaction were lower than attendants（P〈0.05）.（2） Different groups of individual character/behavior or mental character/reply resource and manner had different degrees of occupational stress.Depressive symptom,live sense,individual adaptive capacity,drink,education were in the equation of stepping linear regression.The standardized coefficient of depressive symptom was the most.（3） Friendship and individual adaptive capacity were negative correlation with the nervous reaction.The positive correlation factors of nervous reaction were depressive symptom,mission discomfort,mission ambit,mission blur,responsibility and job circumstance.Conclusions（1）Locomotive drivers are in a higher nervous state.The regulate measures can control the nervous reaction.（2） The major influence factors of occupational stress are depressive symptom,live sense,individual adaptive capacity,drink,and education.Depressive symptom is the most important factor.（3） Occupational stress factors are important risk factors of nervous reaction,while individual response and manner are important protect factors.