职业性铅暴露人群血铅的危险因素研究

Study on risk factors of blood lead among occupational workers exposed to lead

目的探讨职业铅暴露人群血铅的危险因素,为采取针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法选择余姚市蓄电池工厂227名工人作为研究对象,采用统一调查表对个人职业史、生活习惯、教育程度等进行调查,同时进行血铅和车间空气中铅浓度测定。在此基础上,分别采用单因素、多因素条件logistic回归分析筛选血铅的关联因素,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果本研究共设29个检测点,仅5个点合格,合格率17.24%,工人平均血铅水平为(578.54±175.56)μg/L。单因素条件logistic回归分析显示性别、吸烟、户籍、文化程度和车间空气铅浓度等变量均可影响血铅浓度。多因素条件logistic回归分析显示车间空气铅浓度和户籍差异有统计学意义。结论工作场所铅浓度较高,工人血铅普遍较高,车间空气铅浓度和户籍是血铅增高的危险因素。

Objective To study the risk factors of blood lead among workers who exposed to lead and provide scientific evidence for the establishment of its control and prevention.Methods A total of 227 workers in accumulator plants were selected as study objects.Their professional history,life habits and the level of education were investigated by uniformly designed questionnaire.The workers′ blood lead and the lead concentration in air in their job-sites were measured.Risk factors of blood lead were analyzed by means of simple and multiple conditional logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 29 test sites were monitored,only 5 sites were qualified,the rate was 17.24%.The mean of blood level of workers was（578.54±175.56）μg/L.Simple logistic regression analysis showed that gender,smoking,residence,educational level and workplace air concentrations of lead could affect blood lead concentrations.Multiple conditional logistic regression analysis showed that workplace air concentrations of lead and residence could significantly affect blood lead concentrations.Conclusions Workplace air concentrations of lead is higher than the standard.The workers usually have the high level of blood lead.Workplace air concentrations of lead and residence are risk factors of blood lead.