评价研究视角下的话语分析

The Appraisal Approach and Discourse Analysis

在系统功能语言学的三个纯理功能假说中,人际功能侧重反映和描述话语发出者和接受者之间的互动,即那些用来建构话语互动中的社会角色和话语角色的语法资源。系统功能语言学家马丁及其同事随后在此基础上提出了"评价模式"这一研究范式,旨在描述话语互动中的价值判断和评价的语言资源。评价模式根植于系统功能语言学,其核心概念是系统,其中包括态度、介入和级差三个子系统。评价模式的提出无疑推动了人们对语言中评价意义的认识和描写,也推动了话语分析这一研究范式的发展。由于该模式本身存在的模糊性和语言的复杂性,该模式在应用于具体的话语分析时也存在一定的问题,但是,问题的存在也为该模式的进一步发展留下了空间。

Among the three metafunctions in Systemic Functional Linguistics,the interpersonal metafunction is concerned with the interaction between speaker(s) and addressee(s)-the grammatical resources for enacting social roles in general,and speech roles in particular,in dialogic interaction.Based on this theoretical hypothesis,Systemic functional linguist Martin and his colleagues then proposed the Appraisal approach to language studies,which is used to reflect and describe the linguistic resources for evaluation in discourse.A key concept in this paradigm is system,which incorporates in itself three subsystems-attitude,engagement and graduation.This research paradigm on the one hand propels the development in evaluation studies in linguistics and on the other,motivates the advancement of discourse analysis.The subjectivity and vagueness of this approach,however,hinders its application in actual discourse analysis;at the same time this dilemma in turn presents before it the room for further research and a charming future for this approach to language.