母乳喂养与慢性乙型肝炎的传染

Breastfeeding and chronic hepatitis B infection

2006年全国人群乙型肝炎（乙肝）血清学调查显示，我国全人群的HBsAg携带率为7．189／6，15～50岁女性的HBsAg携带率为6．73％，15～50岁人群的乙肝疫苗接种率为13．78％。这些数据表明，乙肝病毒的母婴传播在我国依然形势严峻。本文系统总结了HBV母婴传播的风险及相应的研究成果，分析了母乳喂养与母婴传播的关系，为HBV母婴传播的预防控制提供了参考。

Perinatal transmission from mother-to-child is one of the most common modes of hepatitis B trans- mission globally and thus plays a very important role in hepatitis B epidemiology. By far, the existence of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA in breast milk has been verified worldwide. Some studies showed that breastfeeding may pose additional risks of hepatitis B virus （HBV） transmission to the newborns, whereas several other studies demonstrated that breastfeeding is not a significant source of HBV infection comparing to non-breastfed infants with HBV mother carriers. Comparing to cow milk, mothers＇ breast milk contains much more laetoferrin, a bioaetive peptide that fights pathogens and enhances the newborns＇ general immunity. The pro-breastfeeding scholars strongly advocate it be adoptable widely to the newborns of HBV mother carriers, especially for low-income populations and areas that the water quality is not guaranteed. In this review, the authors discussed the potential side effects of antiviral therapy to perinatal and/or breastfeeding HBV mother carriers and their newborns.