北京市吸毒人群丙型肝炎病毒感染的流行病学监测

An epidemiological survey on hepatitis C virus infection among drug users in Beijing

目的探讨吸毒人群丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染的流行率,并分析HCV感染的可能危险因素。方法 2006-2009年于在押吸毒人群中,采用标准化问卷收集人口学、危险行为等信息,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测HCV抗体。结果 1 253名吸毒者中,总的HCV抗体阳性率为25.3%,注射吸毒者HCV抗体阳性率为66.6%。多因素Logistic回归分析提示,注射吸毒(调整OR=18.988,95%CI:13.860～26.013)为吸毒人群感染HCV的最主要危险因素;其次是共用注射器(调整OR=1.025,95%CI:0.604～1.739)。注射吸毒时间≥5年者感染HCV的危险性较<5年者高(调整OR=0.669,95%CI:0.084～1.089);没有职业的吸毒者感染HCV的危险性较有职业者高(调整OR=1.280,95%CI:0.866～1.893)。结论吸毒人群HCV流行水平较高,注射吸毒是流行的最主要原因。应采取有效措施预防该人群HCV的二代传播,为阳性患者提供治疗刻不容缓。

Objective To investigate sero-prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection （HCV） a mong drug users. Methods An epidemiological survey was conducted among detained drug users from 2006 to 2009. Structured questionnaire was administered to collect socio demographic and risk behavioral information. Ve nous blood of 5 ml was collected for HCV antibody testing. Results The HCV sero-prevalence rates were 25.3% a- mong 1 253 drug users, and 66.6% among injection drug users. Data from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that intravenous injection （ adjusted OR=18. 988,95%CI：13. 860-26. 013 ） was the primary risk factors for HCV infection. Sharing needle behaviors （adjusted OR ： 1. 025,95% CI： 0. 604 -1. 739 ） was the second risk factors, and injection time over 5 years was more dangerous than that under 5 years（adjusted OR--O. 669,95 % C I： 0. 084-1. 089）; the unemployed was more prone to HCV than those on job （adjustedOR=1.280,95%CI：0.866 -1. 893）. Conclusion It is urgent to adopt efficient interventions to prevent HCV secondary transmission and provide HCV positive drug users with care and treatment .