粤北铁路沿线站(区)从业人员膳食营养与相关疾病研究

Study on the dietary nutrition situation and nutrition-related diseases of the staff in the yiebei railway line

目的了解粤北铁路沿线站(区)从业人员膳食营养与营养相关疾病现况并为对其实施营养干预打基础。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对粤北铁路沿线站(区)进行膳食调查和职工问卷调查等研究。结果在沿线铁路食堂就餐的职工每日食物摄入量中,水果类、奶及奶制品类、鱼虾类、大豆类及坚果等食品摄入量都明显不足,仅分别为0g、0g、36.12g和11.11g,热量、蛋白质、硫胺素、核黄素、钙、钾、镁、锌、硒等营养素摄入量都有不同程度的不足,而脂肪、钠等摄入量过多,早餐热能仅占18.41%,低于标准(30%),供热比例脂肪高于标准而碳水化合物低于标准,不同工种职工消化疾病、高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、脂肪肝患病率均存在着差异(均为P<0.01或P<0.05),不同性别冠心病、糖尿病、脂肪肝患病率没有统计学差异(均为P>0.05),而消化疾病、高血压则男性高于女性(P<0.01)。结论铁路沿线职工膳食营养与营养相关疾病现况甚忧,宜结合实际尽早实施营养干预。

Objective To investigate the dietary nutrition situation and nutrition-related diseases of the staff in the railway line, and to prepare for nutrition intervention among this staff. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling survey was performed, including questionnaire, dietary survey and so on.Results The daily intakes of fruit, milk, fish-shrimp, soybean-nuts of the staff in the railway line were 0g, 0g, 36.12g and 11.1 lg, which was lower than the recommend daily intake （RDI）.The average intake of energy, protein, thiamin, riboflavin, calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc and se per reference man per day were not enough. The average intake of fat and sodium per reference man per day were excess. The energy from a breakfast was 18.41%, which was lower than its standard （30%）. The energy from the fat was higher than its standard, but carbohydrate was lower than its. The prevalence of Digestive diseases, Hypertension, Coronary heart disease, Diabetes and Fatty liver in the different types were significant differences （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. The prevalence of Coronary heart disease, Diabetes and Fatty liver in the sexual was same （P〉0.05）. The prevalence of Digestive diseases and Hypertension in men were higher than in women. Conclusion It is even worries us for the dietary nutrition situation and nutrition-related diseases of the staff in the railway line. We suggest doing nutritional intervention for them with the practical as soon as possible.