采用微卫星标记分析10个双峰驼群体的遗传变异和群体间的遗传关系

Genetic variability and relationship of 10 Bactrian camel populations revealed by microsatellite markers

为从分子水平上对我国双峰驼(Camelus bactrianus)群体的遗传多样性、群体间遗传关系、群体遗传分化及近交情况进行全面、系统地研究,为双峰驼种质资源保护和新品种培育提供基础数据,本文利用18对微卫星引物,分析了我国9个双峰驼群体和1个蒙古双峰驼群体的遗传多样性和遗传关系。结果显示:10个群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,共检测到242个等位基因,平均等位基因数为13.44,平均有效等位基因数为4.18,平均观察杂合度(Ho)为0.5528。10个群体间存在显著的遗传分化,有9.6%的遗传变异来自群体间,90.4%的遗传变异来自群体内部的个体间。聚类分析、主成分分析和群体遗传结构分析结果都表明10个群体被分成2个明显的分支,新疆4个群体单独聚为一类,剩下的6个群体聚为一类。这一结果可能与它们的地理分布和群体间的地理屏障有关。

In order to investigate the genetic diversity,genetic relationship,genetic differentiation and possible inbreeding at the molecular level,nine Chinese indigenous Bactrian camel populations and one Mongolian population were sampled and genotyped using 18 microsatellite markers.We did so to provide scientific evidence and technical support for the development of sound policy for the conservation and sustainable utilization of Bactrian camel genetic resources.The results showed that all ten of the Bactrian camel populations had rich genetic diversity with a total of 242 alleles at the 18 loci.The mean number of alleles per locus was 13.44,the average number of effective alleles was 4.18,the mean observed heterozygosity（HO） was 0.5528,and polymorphic information content（PIC） averaged 0.5996.Overall genetic differentiation among the ten populations was highly significant（P 0.001） with 9.6% of the total genetic variance present among the populations and remaining 90.4% among individuals within the populations.Cluster analysis,principal component analysis and structure analysis all indicated that the ten Bactrian camel populations were separated into two clades：the first included four populations from Xinjiang while the second was made up of the remaining six populations.The genetic differentiation and structuring among the 10 Bactrian camel popula-tions were generally in agreement with the geographic distribution and natural geographic barriers among populations.