从宪法到普通法:法律文本里的地方立法权流变考

From the Constitution to the Common Law:the Transformation of Local Legislative Power in Legal Texts

地方立法权的存在和运用必须有明确的宪法、法律依据,此乃法治之基本要求。而根据我国《宪法》之规定,除民族自治地方的人大享有自治条例和单行条例的制定权外,仅授予省、直辖市人大及其常委会以地方性法规制定权。其他地方国家政权机关,包括自治区人大及其常委会,以及"较大的市"的人大及其常委会的地方性法规制定权、地方人民政府的规章制定权等,则是分别通过《地方组织法》、全国人大或其常委会的相关授权决定的方式所获得的,并最终为《立法法》所确认。

The existence and use of local legislative must have a clear constitutional and legal basis. This is the basic requirements of the rule of law. According to the Constitution, except the people＇s congresses of national au- tonomous areas have the power to enact autonomous regulations and specific regulations, only grant the people＇s congresses and their standing committees of provinces and municipalities to rulemaking authority. Other local au- thorities, including the people＇s congresses and their standing committees of provinces, autonomous regions, mu- nicipalities and ＂large cities ＂, their power comes from Local Organization Act and National People＇s Congress or its Standing Committee＇s authorization decision, and the power was finally confirmed by Legislative Act.