PET超细纤维的熔体静电纺丝法制备及性能研究

Study of Preparation and Properties of PET Ultrafine Fibers by Melt-electrospinning

采用激光熔体静电纺丝法制备了PET超细纤维,研究了应用电压、激光电流及接收距离对纤维直径的影响。利用SEM、XRD、FTIR、TG-DTA及单轴拉力机对纤维形貌、结晶性能、分子结构、热稳定性和力学性能进行了表征。SEM结果表明,所得纤维表面光滑、粗细均匀,最小纤维直径在3μm左右。当增加电压时纤维直径随之增大;纤维直径随激光电流的增强呈下降趋势,随接收距离的增加有先减小后增大的趋势。XRD测试表明激光电纺PET纤维为无定形态,在一定温度下退火后呈结晶态。FTIR测试结果表明电纺PET分子取向发生了变化。拉力测试结果表明,PET热压纤维膜的平均断裂伸长率在5%左右,平均拉伸强度为1.3MPa左右。TG-DTA测试表明电纺PET纤维耐热性优良,可在较高温度下使用。

Poly（ethylene terephthalate） （PET） ultrafine fibers were prepared by laser melt electrospinning tech- nology, and the effects on fibers diameter were described with applied voltage（Hv）, laser current（Lc） and the collec- tor distance（Cd）. The micromorphology of the fibers was studied by scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The mole- cular orientation and crystal properties were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared（FTIR） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）, respectively. The mechanical properties and thermostability were tested too. SEM showed the PET fibers had a smooth and uniform surface, and the minimum diameter was about 3/trru The average diameter（AVG） of the fi- bers increased with increase of Hv; however, when Hv was less than 5kV, fibers with beads could be seen. With in- creasing the CA, the AVG of fibers initially decreased and then increased. The AVG could be decreased with increa- sing Lc. XRD exhibited that the electrospun PET fibers were amorphous state, and the annealed fibers were crystal- line. The changes of the molecular orientation were observed by FFIR The breaking strain of the PET fibers mem- branes was around 5%, and the average tensile strength was about 1.3MPa. Then, TCr-DTA test showed the heat-re- sistant performance of the PET fibers was fine.