纳米颗粒的模板自组装

Templated Self-assembly of Nanoparticles

纳米颗粒具有优异的物理化学性质,是各种超结构材料最为重要的构造基元。作为一种"自下而上"的制备方法,模板自组装技术可以控制纳米颗粒在自组装超结构材料中的位置和排列顺序,尤其适用于制备规整、多组分、结构复杂的自组装体系。介绍了纳米颗粒自组装方法中常用的模板,以及利用这些模板实现纳米颗粒自组装的一般过程。强调了纳米颗粒与模板之间的物理、化学作用,从本质上阐明模板自组装方法,为制备功能性复杂纳米颗粒自组装材料提供了有益的借鉴。

Nanoparticles（NPs） show unique physicochemical properties, and are used as building blocks of 1D, 2D or 3D suprastructures. To regulate the position and orders of NPs in such suprastructures in a controlled way, templated self-assembly is developed and extensively employed, especially for those ordered and/or complex structures. The various templates are introduced. The interactions between NPs and templates are discussed, and how these interactions are tailored to direct the template self-assembly process is emphasized.