制度改进的基本思维:演化动力和优化原则

The Basic Thought of Institutional Improvement:Evolution Impetus and Optimization Principles

新古典主义主要基于力量博弈解释制度变迁,但实际上促进制度变迁的因素有三类:一是社会力量结构的自发变动,二是社会力量结构的自觉变动,三是对制度本质的社会认知提高。其中,后两者都与认知有关,认知在非正式制度转化为正式制度中扮演着重要角色。同时,新古典主义主要基于效率原则设计社会制度,但实际上制度优化有两大原则:正义原则和效率原则。其中,正义原则是根本性的,制度的设立和完善必须体现不断深化的社会正义和应得权利。

Neoclassicism explains institutional changes mainly based on power game.But there are three main drivers of institutional changes,namely the spontaneous change in social power structure,the conscious change in social power structure and the rise in social cognition of institutional nature;the latter two are associated with cognition which plays an important role in the transformation from informal institution into formal institution.At the same time,neoclassicism designs social institutions mainly based on the principle of efficiency.But the principles of institutional optimization include the principle of justice and the principle of efficiency;the principle of justice is the fundamental principle,and the institutional establishment and improvement must embody deepening social justice and deserved rights.