职业接触岩棉对肺通气功能及呼吸系统症状的影响

Impacts of occupational rock wool exposure on pulmonary ventilation function and respiratory symptoms

目的探讨职业性接触岩棉对肺通气功能及呼吸系统症状的影响。方法选择70名岩棉生产和加工人员作为接触组,51名空气分离企业的劳动者作为对照组。进行现场职业卫生学调查,对所有调查对象进行肺通气功能健康检查和呼吸系统症状问卷调查。结果接触组中所有岗位每班接触的纤维浓度均<1f/ml,生产线操作工和深加工班操作工每班接触的总粉尘浓度>3mg/m3。接触组FVC%和FEV1.0/FVC%均数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);接触组中3个不同接触工龄组FVC%、FEV1.0%和FEV1.0/FVC%均数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。限制性通气功能障碍是岩棉致肺通气功能损害的主要类型,与接触工龄呈线性趋势关系(P<0.05),与吸烟未显示有关联性(P>0.05),吸烟与岩棉未显示具有联合作用(P>0.05)。接触组与对照组呼吸系统症状比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论长期接触低纤维浓度水平的岩棉,仍能够损害劳动者的肺通气功能,应控制其总粉尘浓度的接触水平。

Objective To explore the impacts of occupational rock wool exposure on pulmonary ventilation function and respiratory symptoms.Methods 70 rock wool manufacturing and processing workers were taken as the exposed group,51 workers from an air separation plant were served as the control group.A health survey was carried out in the rock wool plant.All investigated subjects accepted lung function tests and their respiratory symptoms were investigated by questionnaire.Results Fiber concentrations at every job post and every shift of the exposed group were1 f/ml,however,the gravimetric concentrations of total dust the operators exposed at every shift were3 mg/m3.Compared with the control group,the exposed group had significantly lower mean values of FVC % and FEV1.0/FVC %（P0.05）.Three subgroups with different years of exposure had no differences in the mean values of FVC %,FEV1.0% and FEV1.0/FVC%.The restrictive dysfunction of pulmonary ventilation was the main type,which showed linear trend with the years of exposure（P0.05）,and showed no association with smoking（P0.05）.It indicated that there was no combined effect in-between smoking and rock wool exposure（P0.05）.The respiratory symptoms between the exposed group and the control group showed no statistically significant differences（P0.05）.Conclusions Long-term exposure to the low level number concentrations of rock wool fiber still could damage workers＇ pulmonary ventilation function.The exposure level of total dust concentration should be emphatically controlled.