关于基础学科结构问题——苏、美两类学科结构的比较

ON THE STRUCTURE OF BASIC SUBJECTS THE COMPARE OF TWO KINDS OF STRUCTURES OF U.S.S.R. & U.S.A.

80年代,世界各国基础学科结构开始出现明显的分化。一些国家(如美国、西欧、日本等国),其学科结构变成以生命科学为主的“偏振型”学科结构,另一些国家(如苏联、东欧等国)则变成以“生、理、化”为三足的鼎式结构。这两种结构反映了两种科研体制的特点,反映了不同经济结构和产业结构的政策影响。这使中国的学科发展战略重新面临一种选择。

Since 80', the structures of basic subject in nation have differentiated obviously. In some of them, for example, U.S.A., West Europe, Japan and etc., their structures of subject become 'Polarized' ones, focusing life science; In other, for example, U.S.S.R., East Europe, and etc., there has been a 'three-feet' structure, basing on biology, physics and chemistry. These two kinds of structures represent the characteristics of two research systems and influences of different economical and industrial structures upon science policy. It makes China's research strategy to face again a new choice.