清朝法制在吐鲁番地区的重建(1877年—1911年)

The Re–Establishment of the Legal System of the Qing Dynastyin Turpan Area (1877-1911)

1877年,清军从阿古柏侵略军手中收复吐鲁番全境后,在这里重建了统治体系。当地一切刑民事件均由清政府官员全权处理。1884年新疆建省后,实行"改土归流",清政府在取消吐鲁番郡王家族特权的同时,又将郡王家族保留下来,并准许其参与当地事务的治理。但郡王不再直接统治当地维吾尔人,对于郡王属下所犯罪行的审理,由清廷官员按照清朝法制在吐鲁番厅署衙内做出审判。20世纪初的10年,清朝实施"新政",吐鲁番地区建立了巡警制度,但吐鲁番郡王依旧享受着封建特权,侵权滥行,使清朝民刑诉讼各法终未得到全面实施。

After the recovery of Turpan area in 1877, the Qing Dynasty Government re-established its legal system there： every criminal or civil case must be dealt with in the hands of the Qing Dynasty officials. In 1884, a provincial system was set up in Xinjiang. The Central Government abolished the privileges of the Turpan King family but retained the family. The family was allowed to engage itself in local administration but the King was not to govern the local Uyghur people. In case of any crimes committed by the King＇s subjects, the Qing Government officials made trials in Turpan Court in accordance with the laws of the Qing Dynasty. When the ＂New Policy＂ was implemented in Turpan area in the first decade of the 20th century, a policeman system was put into effect in this area. However, the Turpan King continued to enjoy some feudal privileges--his tort and abuse of influence gravely hampered the overall Implementation of the criminal and civil laws of the Qing Dynasty.