“湖北光周期敏感核不育水稻育性转换机理与利用”研究的意义和进展

STUDIES ON FERTILITY CONVERSION MECHANISM AND UTILIZATION OF HUBEI PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVE GENIC MALE STERILE RICE

基于湖北光周期敏感核不育水稻(英文缩写为HPGMR)的基本特性——长日条件下雄性败育,短日条件下雄性可育,可采用“两系法”生产杂交种子,与“三系法”相比具有明显的优越性。1985—1989年间,我们开展了HPGMR育性转换机理和利用的研究,主要结果如下: 1.揭示了光照诱导农垦58S育性转换的临界光长、临界光强、敏感期、光温协同作用及光敏色素作为光受体的参与作用等育性转换机理问题。 2.农垦58S的光敏不育性为核内隐性单基因突变,属孢子体不育类型,其不育性与控制株高、生育期的基因不连锁。 3.农垦58S的光敏不育性具有稳定的遗传性,以农垦58S为基因供体,已经育成一批稳定的籼、粳光敏不育系。 4.已经育成的两系杂交粳稻组合。1989年在湖北省生产示范种植1万亩,取得比对照亩增产50—70公斤的效果,粳稻组合制种产量约120公斤/亩。

The Hubei Photoperiod Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice (HPGMR) is sterile under long-day sunshine and fertile under short-day sunshine. The two-line way is superior to the three-line way and can be used for hybrid seed production. The fertility conversion mechanism and the utilization of HPGMR were studied from 1985 to 1989。The main results are as follows: 1. The results revealed the fertility conversion mechanism of Nongken 58S——the critical light length and the critical light intension of light induction, the photoperiod sensitive stage, the effect of temperature in response to light induction, the role of phytochrome as a light accepter and so on. 2. The photoperiod sensitive male sterile gene of Nongken 58S is a recessive single gene mutation, belonging to the sporophytic sterility type. The gene does not link with the genes controlling plant height and growth duration. 3. The sterility of Nongken 58S is genetically stable。A group of stable male sterile lines have been developed by means of Nongken 58S as a gene donor. 4. The developed two-line japonica hybrid rice was planted on about 700 ha in Hubei in 1989, and its yield was 750—1050 kg/ha higher than that in ordinary fieids. The yield of the japonica hybrid seed was 1800kg/ha.