我国民法基本制度生态化探究

Probe into Ecologicalization of the Basic System of Our Civil Law

生态文明时代要求法律制度进行不同程度的生态化。在各种法律制度生态化历程中,民法制度的生态化起着相当重要的作用。民法基本制度的生态化是民法生态化的重要内容,它包括人格权制度的生态化、物权制度的生态化、合同制度的生态化、侵权责任制度的生态化。这其中,环境人格权是人格权制度生态化的主要内容;生态性用益物权是物权制度生态化的重要组成部分;环境物权交易合同是合同制度生态化的主要方面。以损害风险预防、现实损害救济赔偿、恢复责任承担为切入点,采用无过错责任与过错加重责任并用的原则,贯彻环境损害全程监管与责任追究的理念,对环境污染与生态破坏的源头与过程实行全面的控制与追责是侵权责任制度生态化的基本要素。

Ecological civilization era requires the ecologicalization of law systems in different levels.In the ecological process of varied law system,the ecologicalization of civil law system plays a vital role,which functions as the key content in the ecologicalization of civil law.The ecological process covers the ecologicalization in rights of personality,property right system,contract system,and tort law system.Environmental personality right is the key content in the ecologicalization of personality system.Ecological usufruct is the major part of property rights system ecologicalization.Business contract of environmental property right remains the main part of contract system ecologicalization.We should start from the prevention of damage risks,relief and compensation of real damage and the burden of furbish duty,follow the principle of adopting no-fault responsibility and fault duty aggravation,carry out the concept of environmental damage under the whole process supervision and that of pursuing duty,and take an overall control and investigation of the origin and process of environmental pollution and ecological damage.These factors constitute the basic elements of the ecologicalization of liability for tort.