在理性与现实之间寻求司法的正义——兼论“以事实为根据,以法律为准绳”原则的发展和变化

Judicial Justice between Reason and Reality——Also on the Development and Change of the Principle of “Based on Fact,Regulated by Law”

在我国当下,形式理性的法律面临现实困境,即:司法裁决不能被公众认可,法律的权威和公信力也在下降。法官"以证据为根据"的裁判理念虽然符合法律实践理性的要求,然而也易引致对正义价值追求的放弃和忽视;公众则视"以客观事实为根据"为司法不言自明的正义要求。如何破解这一困局?文章对"以事实为根据,以法律为准绳"原则在我国的观念认知进行了梳理,认为该原则在公众与司法者之间存在认知差异,从而导致裁决不能被认可。回应型法的有关理论值得借鉴,它认为应以法律的目的缓和引导制度,使其不拘泥于形式主义和仪式性,以探究法律中蕴涵的公正价值。在司法裁判中,应以公正为价值,兼顾对外部社会现实的关照,建立起以"证据事实"为基础、以"客观事实"为依归的"法律真实"标准。

In contemporary China,law of formal reason is confronted with difficulty of reality,namely,the public can not accept the result of judicial verdict and the authority and credibility are declining.The verdict idea of ＂based on evidence＂ of the judge,though abiding by the requirement of legal practical reason,incurs the abandonment and neglect of the pursuit of values of justice.The public regards ＂based on objective fact＂ as self-evident.How can the difficulty be tackled？ This article sorts out the cognition of the idea of ＂Based on Fact,Regulated by Law＂,believing that the difference of cognition of the principle between the public and the judge leads to the lack of acknowledgement of the verdict.Theory of responsive type of law provides worthy experiences,which believes the legal aim can gradually guide system to liberate it from formalism and rituality to probe the values of justice innate in law.In judicial verdict,the ＂legal truth＂ standard should be based on justice as well as the consideration of outer social reality which is based on ＂evidence fact＂ and ＂objective fact＂.