明清正史民族史撰述与统一多民族国家的定型

The History of Nationality Compilations in the Official Histories of Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Ultimate Formation of the Unified Country with Multi-nationalities

明清时期,在元朝所开创的空前大一统的基础上,中国统一的多民族国家逐步定型。受此政治局势的影响,明清两部官修正史——《元史》和《明史》的民族史撰述表现出四个值得注意的特征:第一,不为统一的多民族国家的境内民族立史传;第二,较少的民族歧视和偏见;第三,重视反映边疆民族地区纳入统一的多民族国家的历史过程;第四,重视总结边疆民族政策的利弊得失。而这又能够对明清时期人们尤其是统治者的民族认同心理产生积极影响,更重要的是可以为统治者制定边疆民族政策提供有益的经验借鉴。《元史》和《明史》的民族史撰述对明清时期中国统一的多民族国家的定型,也有一定的积极作用。

During Ming and Qing dynasties,the unified country with multi-nationalities in China has gradually finalized her ultimate formation on the basis of unprecedented unification of Yuan Dynasty.Under this historical situation,the compilations of history of nationality in History of Yuan and History of Ming which are the official histories during Ming and Qing Dynasties have some notable characteristics.First,the historical biography is not written for those nationalities in the unified country with multi-nationalities;second,there are few ethnic discrimination and prejudice;third,reflecting the historic processes in which The Frontier Minority Areas are brought into the unified country with multi-nationalities is paid attention to;fourth,summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of the nationality policies is also paid attention to.Otherwise,because of their positive effects to the psychology of national identity of the rulers of Ming and Qing dynasties,what＇s more,due to their reference function for the rulers to make the nationality policies,the compilations of history of nationality in History of Yuan and History of Ming also give some positive effects on the ultimate formation of the unified country with multi-nationalities in China.