大高玄殿建筑群变迁考略

A Textual Research of The Changes of The Building Layout of Dagaoxuan Dian(Temple)in History

大高玄殿始建于明代嘉靖二十一年,殿内供三清等道教诸神,是明世宗建造用于祈祷斋醮的一座皇家道观。清代沿用,仍作为皇帝拈香祈拜之所。乾隆朝,曾对大高玄殿建筑进行局部调整,但宫殿主体格局未变,一直保持至清代末年。民国以后,为了便利交通,拆除了山门外的牌楼和音乐亭,其他宫殿保存至今。这些宫殿建筑类型齐全,大木结构各具特色,反映了明代中期建筑营造的技艺水平;宫殿的平面布局以及遗存的建筑彩画、石质雕刻等具有鲜明的皇家道观特点。这处曾作为皇家宗教活动重要场所的明清宫殿建筑群,无论在宫廷建筑史还是宗教史领域都有较高的研究价值。

The construction of the imperial architectural complex of Dagaoxuan Dian(Temple) was begun in the 21 st year(1542)of Jiajing(嘉靖)reign(r.1522-1566)of the Ming dynasty to serve as an imperial Taoist temple where Three Purities and other Taoist Immortals were enshrined, then it kept working to Qianlong(乾隆)period of the Qing dynasty when some of the buildings got first partly redesigned with the principal arrangement unchanged.It was not until the foundation of The Republic of China that the arch(Pailou)and the pavilions of music standing outside the temple gate got demolished so as to make way to public transportation,the rest buildings preserved today whereas.The plane layout and the architectural colored drawings,stone carvings are all featured by the imperial Taoist temples,the collection of the palace-styled architectures and timber structures fully present the fantastic artistic skills and architectural techniques of the mid-Ming Dynasty.So this imperial building complex that used to work as an important site for rituals remain a historical evidence to be of high academic value for study of the history of imperial architectures and the history of religions as well.