广州市居民禁烟处罚态度及影响因素的多元多水平logistic模型研究

Using multivariate multilevel logistic model to study the influential factors of attitudes related to the Punishment on Smoking, among the residents in Guangzhou

目的了解广州市居民对公共场所禁烟处罚态度，探讨不同特征人群对禁烟处罚措施（处罚公共场所吸烟者和管理者）的支持程度和偏向。方法采用多元多水平logistic模型分析广州市居民禁烟处罚措施态度的影响因素及各因素的效应差别，以及受访居民两种处罚态度间的关联性。结果分别有74．6％（3647／4892）和61．2％（2994／4892）的广州市居民赞同处罚该公共场所吸烟者和管理者，两种处罚态度有关联（x2=1253．45，P〈O．0001）。女性、30。59岁、高中／中专以上文化程度、吸烟危害知识得分较高、现无吸烟行为的居民更赞成处罚吸烟者，也同样赞成处罚管理者；而每日“二手烟”暴露者更赞同处罚吸烟者。结论广州市具备公共场所实施控烟处罚措施的群众基础，年龄、性别、文化程度、吸烟危害知识、现吸烟和“二手烟”暴露是处罚措施态度的影响因素，非现吸烟者和“二手烟”每日暴露者对处罚措施的态度倾向性不同。

Objective To explore the attitudes towards the Smoking Ban policy and the bias in different levels of related society sanctions so as to provide evidence for implementing anti-smoking measures in the public places. Methods A multi-univariate-multilevel logistic model was developed to find the relation between penalty attitudes and the covariates＇ effects. Results 74.6% （3647/4892） and 61.2% （2994/4892） of the residents agreed to punish either the managers of public places or to the smokers. The two kinds of attitude were associated （x2 = 1253.45, P〈0.0001 ）. Residents being female, aged between thirty and fifty-nine years old, having had higher than college education, being non-current smokers, with high scores on knowledge of tobacco control, tended to have the attitude of punishing the public place managers and smokers. However, those persons exposed to everyday secondhand smoke or being non-current smokers, tended to punish the smokers in the generalized Wald test. Conclusion There was strong evidence noticed that most of the residents in Guangzhou had supported the ＇tobacco control penalty＇. Factors as age, sex, level of education received, knowledge on hazards of smoking, being current smokers and under secondhand smoke exposure were the influencing factors. Non-current smokers and those who exposed to secondhand smoke everyday, would prefer to take different penalties policies.