城市水系统水—能关系研究进展

Studies on water-energy relationship in urban water system

国外关于城市水系统水—能关系的最新研究表明,如果从水源取水、给水处理、水配给、水资源终端消费与污水收集与处理这5个环节计算和分析水系统整体的能耗情况,则不仅反映出城市水资源利用过程伴随着巨大的能源消耗和碳排放,也表明水在终端消费过程中的能源强度是5个环节中最高的,终端节水具有巨大的节水节能潜力。这种分析水—能关系的方法称为过程分析法,它能针对特定的水系统进行分析,是目前最常用的分析方法。在对国内外研究进展进行总结的基础上,进一步建立了城市水系统水—能关系研究的概念框架。概念框架中包含水系统的能源强度、能源需求总量与水系统的碳排放量三大研究内容,其中,水系统各个环节的能源强度研究是基础,水资源终端消费过程中的能耗特征和影响因素是研究的重点和难点。我国在该领域的研究与国外存在一定差距,应尽快展开相关研究,促进城市水资源和能源的高效利用与节能减排。

The recent study on water-energy relationship in urban water system in other countries shows that energy consumption of urban water systems is strikingly huge when the energy use of water sourcing and abstraction,water treatment,water distribution,tap water consumption and wastewater treatment are all calculated and taken into consideration,which are associated with enormous energy consumption and carbon emission.The energy consumption during the tap water supply is the highest among the five processes,which indicates a great potential for water and energy saving.This approach is called process analysis method and commonly used to analyze a particular water system.On the base of summarizing research and development results home and aboard,a conceptual framework of water-energy relationship is built,which composes of three study contents of energy intensity,total energy demand and amount of carbon emission of urban water system,in which the study of energy intensity is foundational,and characters and influence factors of energy consumption in tap water use are the focus of study and the most difficult part.China is still falling behind in the relevant study and needs to catch up with more studies on the subject to promote effective utilization of water and energy and energy saving and reduction of emission.