20世纪60年代初国家财政支援农业的历史考察

Historical Survey of State Financial Support for Agriculture in the early 1960s

由于"左"的错误和自然灾害,中国在1959～1961年出现了三年经济困难,当时最突出的问题是农业生产遭遇严重挫折,粮食极度短缺。为加快农业生产的恢复,20世纪60年代初,国家制定了"吃饭第一"的方针,要求各行各业支援农业。利用财政手段增加对农业的投入是贯彻这一方针的重要举措。国家财政支援农业的措施主要有两方面:一是减少提取农业剩余;二是直接增加对农业和农村的财政投入。

Because of the 'Left' errors and natural disasters,China experienced three years of economic difficulty period from 1959 to 1961.The most prominent problems at that time included a serious setback of agricultural production and the acute food shortage.To speed up the recovery of agricultural production,the state formulated a policy of 'eating first' in the early 1960s and required all walks of life to support agriculture.By financial means to increase agricultural input was an important measure to implement this policy.The measures of national financial support for agriculture had two main aspects:one was to reduce the percentage of the agricultural profits surplus to the state,such as reduce agricultural tax,enhance agricultural products' purchase price and so on;the other was to directly increase the input in rural areas,such as increase investment in rural infrastructure and disaster relief funds and so on.