“以市场换技术”方针的历史演变

The Historical Evolution of “Exchange Market for Technology” Policy

"以市场换技术"作为改革开放后一项重大的技术引进方针,对中国的技术引进与进步产生了重要影响。这一方针酝酿、形成于20世纪70年代末80年代初,主要源于中国希望在减少支出的同时达到引进先进技术和提高对外资吸引力的双重目的。在1984年被确定为加速国家技术进步的一项重大方针后,"以市场换技术"进入全面实施和调整时期,目标始终着眼于提高外商投资质量并促使外商转让先进技术。"以市场换技术"虽然在一定程度上加速了技术进步,但并没有达到"形成技术自生能力"的预期目标,2001年后这一方针逐渐淡出政策视野,向自主创新过渡。

As a major technology introduction policy after reform and opening up,'exchange market for technology' had an important impact on China's technology introduction and progress.This policy was considered and formed from the late 1970s to early 1980s,mainly because China wanted to reduce expenditure and at the same time introduce advanced technology and promote the attraction of foreign investment.After identified as an important policy to accelerate national technology progress in 1984,'exchange market for technology' was into the full implementation and adjustment period,and the goal was still focused on improving the quality of foreign investment and promoting the foreign investors to transfer advanced technology.Though 'exchange market for technology' had accelerated technological progress to a certain extent,it did not reach the desired target of 'forming self-generated capacity of technology'.After 2001 this policy was gradually faded from the policy and transmitted to innovation.