中苏《国防新技术协定》转让的航空技术探微

Exploration of the Aeronautic Technology Transfer in Sino-Soviet “New Technology Agreement of National Defence”

中苏《国防新技术协定》中规定苏联向中国转让米格-19歼击机和图-16轰炸机,就其技术水平来说,两者都是苏联当时最新装备或最新型号之一。苏联向中国转让新技术最基本的原因是为巩固其国内与国际政治地位并寻求中国的支持。除此之外,苏联的导弹威慑观使其认为图-16作为轰炸机已无实际意义,歼击机也将被导弹所取代,因而同意进行转让;在转让最新装备的同时,苏联在科学研究上对中国严格保密,以便限制中国超越苏联;航空技术转让的主动权完全掌握在苏联手中,重要的技术资料、特殊材料、特殊部件设备都可以成为限制中国发展、控制技术转让进程的手段。

Sino-Soviet 'New Technology Agreement of National Defence' stipulated that the Soviet Union transferred Mig-19 Fighter and Tu-16 Bomber to China.From the technical level both of them were the Soviet Union's one of the newest equipments or models at that time.The basic reason of new technology transfer to China by the Soviet Union was to consolidate its domestic and international political status and seek China's support.In addition,Soviet Union's view on missile deterrence caused itself to think that Tu-16 as a bomber had no practical significance and the fighter plane would also be substituted by the missile and thus agreed the transfer.During the process of the newest equipments transfer,the Soviet Union kept secret strictly in the scientific research to China in order to limit China to surpass itself.The initiative of aeronautic technology transfer was controlled completely by the Soviet Union.Important technical data,special materials,and special part equipments may become the methods to limit China to develop and control technology transfer process.