基于发明专利条件寿命期的中外企业专利战略比较研究

Comparative Study on Patent Strategy of Chinese and Overseas Firms based on Provisional Life of Invention Patents

专利条件寿命期的选择行为一般反映了企业的市场战略和竞争战略行为特征。在这两重专利战略考虑下,企业倾向于选择一个较长或较短的条件寿命期。中国发明专利的条件寿命期呈现典型的双峰型分布,从而验证了企业关于条件寿命期的特定战略选择。本文还对比了中外企业专利战略差异,发现中国企业更愿意选择较短的条件寿命期,这可能是由于中国企业为了使其发明专利能够获得更严格的保护而想尽快获取专利权,外国企业考虑得更多的是发明专利的市场收益问题,因此不急于获取专利权。外国中小型企业相较于大型企业更倾向于延长发明专利的条件寿命期,且外国企业更善于通过缩短条件寿命期来抢占潜力较大的技术市场,这是在市场战略与竞争战略双重考虑下所做出的较合理的条件寿命期选择。相比之下,中国企业对专利战略方面的考虑不足,但可能是就中国目前的专利制度和政策形势下做出的合理选择。

Patent＇s provisional life mainly reflects the characteristics of market strategy and competition strategy of finns. The distribution of provisional life of invention patent of China is double hump shaped, which validates the specified option of provisional life by finns. This paper also compares the differences of patent strategy between Chinese and overseas finns, and find Chinese finns tend to choose a shorter provisional life. This might be because Chinese finns want to obtain more strict protection for their invention patents, while overseas finns care more about the revenue of invention patent, hence do not want to obtain patent right quickly. Of all the overseas finns, small and medium sized firms tend to shorten provisional life compared with large firms. Plus ,overseas finns are more likely to capture the market by shortening provisional life. These are probably proper option by taking into account of both market strategy and competition strategy. In comparison, Chinese firms may not properly take into account of patent strategy. However, Chinese finns may properly react against the current patent system and policy situation of China.