碳纳米管——一种新型纳米反应器

Carbon Nanotube——a New Nanoreactor

具有一维中空管结构的碳纳米管,可以用来填充各种物质。由于碳纳米管的限域作用,填充物在碳纳米管中具有新的结构和性质,其化学反应、相变等行为具有不同于常温常压状态下的特点。该文介绍了碳纳米管管内的化学反应的影响因素,反应类型和准高压效应,并总结出碳纳米管可作为一种新型纳米反应器合成不同材料,最后对这一领域的研究方向和应用进行了展望。

Having a hollow tube structure,one-dimensional carbon nanotubes can be filled with various kinds of molecules.The encapsulated materials exhibit peculiar structures and properties because of spatial confinement effect of the carbon nanotube walls.Confinement of materials in the nanometer scale spaces induces unique phenomena in terms of chemical reactions and phase transitions which are different from a bulk phase.This review introduces the influencing factors of chemical reactions inside carbon nanotubes,and their reaction type and quasi-high pressure effect.A conclusion is drawn that the carbon nanotubes can be used as a new type of nano-reactor to synthesize special or precious materials.Finally,an outlook is given in terms of the researches and applications in this field.