农业生物质资源在生态农业中的应用:秸秆转化效率研究

Agricultural Biomass Resources in the Application of Ecological Agriculture:Research on the Conversion Efficiency of Crop Residues/Straw

选择15头夏洛莱肉牛,随机分成3组,用经不同方法处理后的秸秆饲料(微储鲜秸草+花生糠,干秸秆+花生糠,微储鲜秸草)饲喂肉牛,研究其效果;分析肉牛采食效率、生长指标(体重、体长、体高)以及秸秆饲料与动物鲜重之间的转化效率。结果表明:配合一定的精饲料(玉米面、麦麸、棉籽粕、小苏打、鱼肝油粉、食盐),单独饲喂微储鲜秸草的肉牛处理组的饲料转化效率最高,为每9.0kg饲料(即3.8kg精料+5.2kg粗料)可转化为1kg活牛的重量;微储鲜秸草+花生糠饲喂肉牛的转化效率次之,每9.4kg饲料(2.6kg精料+6.8kg粗料)转化为1kg活牛的重量。在上述转化过程中,生产每公斤肉牛消耗的纯粮食为1.6kg,玉米面用量占肉牛采食总量的比例最多达到20%左右。微储鲜秸草+花生糠饲喂肉牛采食量最大,累计增重高于另外两个处理组。另外,该配方饲喂肉牛净收入最高,7个月的育肥过程中净收益为1722元/头,其次是干秸秆+花生糠,净收益为1598元/头,最低的是微储鲜秸草,净收益为1473元/头。考虑到综合成本和实际操作,微储鲜秸草+花生糠饲喂肉牛效果最佳。首次提出了秸秆转化为动物的指标(秸秆:动物鲜重),为解决秸秆出路问题探索了一条行之有效的途径。

Crop residues are pretty rich in China.However,the utilization ratio of crop residues is very low,many of which are burnt on the field.Burning crop residues not only pollutes the environment,but also wastes bio-resources.It is a reasonable way to process crop residues into high-quality forages and then feed animals like cattle.In our experiment,we randomly selected 15 Charolaise beef cattle and divided them into three groups,then fed them with different forages （micro-deposited fresh crop residues ＋ peanut stems;maize stalk ＋ peanut stems;micro-deposited fresh crop residues）.The purpose of this experiment is to study the feed intake efficiency,the effect of different forages on animal growth performance （weight,length,height）,and conversion efficiency from crop residues to animals weight in the process of beef cattle feeding.The result demonstrated that the best feed conversion was noted in cattle fed with micro-deposited fresh crop residues （MDFR） together with some amount of fine forage.Some 9.0 kg forages （3.8kg fine forages ＋5.2kg coarse forages） can be converted into 1 kg live beef cattle.The treatment of MDFR ＋ peanut stems （PS） ranked the second place,with 9.4kg forages （2.6kg fine forages ＋6.8kg coarse forages） converting into 1 kg live cattle.However,MDFR ＋ PS obviously showed the highest accumulative gain with larger feed intake among the three different treatments.Of all the conversion mentioned above,it needs 1.6kg grain to increase 1kg beef cattle,and the percentage of corn grain in all food of beef cattle is no more than 20%.For the net economic incomes,MDFR ＋ PS yielded the highest income （1722 yuan/cattle）,then came corn stalk （CS） ＋PS （1598 yuan/cattle）,MDFR the lowest （1473 yuan/cattle）.Our findings suggest that,it is an ideal alternative for farmer to feed their beef cattle with MDFR ＋ PS.This study is the first to report crop residues/animal weight ratio,which helps to grope for a feasible approach of utilizing crop residues in China.