生态农业模式下耕地固碳潜力分析——以弘毅生态农场冬小麦—夏玉米轮作体系为例

Analysis on the Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential under the Ecological Agriculture Mode:a Case Study of the Winter Wheat-Summer Corn Rotation System of Hongyi Organic Farm

生态农业可在保障粮食产量不下降甚至增加的前提下,改善农田生态环境,减少温室气体排放,带动农民就业。按照"禽北上,畜南下"的思路,在北方典型村落发展肉牛养殖,有效解决北方农区秸秆焚烧和化肥过量施用的问题,并增加土壤中的碳储量。本文研究了冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系不同施肥方式下,土壤有机质、全氮含量和碳氮比的动态变化。结果表明,在0～20cm耕作层,与处理100%m化肥(NPK)相比,100%m有机肥(M)、75%m有机肥+25%m化肥(MNPK1)、50%m有机肥+50%m化肥(MNPK2)三个处理的土壤有机质含量分别高出43.8%、35.4%和13.1%,土壤全氮含量分别高出25.0%、21.2%和12.0%;M、MNPK1、MNPK2、NPK四个处理的土壤碳氮比分别在7.90～11.34、7.80～10.85、7.80～10.93、7.04～10.43之间变化。本研究可以为秸秆资源化利用、化肥减施和有机肥替代提供理论依据,为生态农业耕地固碳提供理论基础,并为实现碳减排提供可资借鉴的样本。

Under the premise of guaranteeing the non-decrease even increase the food production,the ap-plication of eco-agriculture can not only improve the ecological environment of the farmland,but also reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create more job opportunities for the farmers.According to the thought of ＂Chicken farming in the North,livestock rising in the South＂,we breed beef cattle in a typical north village and successfully tackle the crop residues burning and excessive chemical fertilizer using problems and enhance the carbon storage in the soil.The dynamic changes of organic matter,total nitrogen,and C/N were observed in the winter wheat-summer corn crop rotation system with different fertilization strategies.The results show that,compared with NPK treatment in 0～20 cm non-plough layer,organic matter contents were elevated by 43.8 %,35.4 % and 13.1 % for M,MNPK1,MNPK2 treatments,respectively.Total nitrogen contents also increased by 25.0 %,21.2 % and 12.0 %,respectively.The C/N were 7.90～11.34,7.80～10.85,7.80～10.93,and 7.04～10.43,respectively for NPK,M,MNPK1,and MNPK2.This study can provide theoretical basis for crop residues/straw utilization,de-creasing chemical fertilizer application,and fixing carbon in plow land in eco-agriculture system.