秸秆还田技术研究及应用进展

Technology Research and Application Prospect of Straw Returning

我国秸秆丰富,秸秆年产量约7.9亿t,但大部分被就地焚烧,还田率极低,这不仅极大的浪费了资源,而且也对生态环境造成了严重污染。因此,如何充分有效利用现有的丰富秸秆资源、促进农业长期可持续发展是当前农业亟待解决的重要问题之一。秸秆还田可培肥地力、平衡作物营养、减少化肥投入、调节土壤温湿度、增强作物抗灾稳产能力,故对促进农民增产增收、减少环境污染具有重要的作用。就秸秆还田技术的发展、类型、应用、效应机理进行了综述,旨在为秸秆还田技术的研究及推广应用提供参考。

Straw return to field can improve soil fertility, balance crop nutrition, reduce chemical fertilization, adjust soil temperature and humidity, enhance crop resistance to disaster and keep yield stable. As a result, it plays an important role in increasing crop yield and farmers＇income but decreasing environmental pollution. China has relatively abundant straw resource, with annual production about 0.79 billion tons. However at present, most of the straw is burnt, and hardly returned to the field. This causes big waste of resource and serious environmental pollution. There- fore, how to utilize the straw resource effectively and improve the agriculture sustainability becomes more and more important recently. This article summarized the types, application, development, and effect mechanism of straw return technology, so as to provide a reference to the research and extension of straw return technology.