从生命全程发展观论大学生入学适应

Adolescents' Adjustment during Transition to University: From the Perspective of Life-span Development

生命全程发展观强调人生重要转折对个体心理发展速度与方向具有重要影响，启发人们重视转折期适应具有的发展含义。从生命全程发展观看，进入大学这一积极的生活事件实际上构成了青年期的重要发展转折，既为个体提供了新的发展机会，也使个体面临多方面的挑战。进入大学的适应任务主要由个体在学习、人际、生活自理、环境认同、身心体验等方面的适应构成，其中，学习和人际适应是相对困难的方面。大学入学适应可以被视为特殊的发展类型，在性质与过程上具有独特性。充分认识大学生入学适应的丰富发展内涵、性质及其影响因素具有重要的理论与实践指导意义。

The perspective of life-span development emphasizes the significance of important transitions for individuals' development. From this perspective, the attendance to university is an important developmental transition for adolescents, which implies multiple challenges as well as new chances. Individuals have to fulfil the tasks of adjust-ment on study, interpersonal relationship, self-help in daily life, person/environment identity, and physical/psychological feelings. The previous studies indicated that individuals usually reported that there were more difficulties on study and interpersonal relationship. Individuals' adjustment during the transition to university can be viewed as one special type of development, which is significantly distinct in its pattern and process. Understanding individuals' adjustment during the transition to university would be of great value in theoryconstruction and to university psychological guidance for university students.