中国居民残疾患病现状及其影响因素分析

Prevalence and risk factors of disability in Chinese residents

目的了解中国居民残疾患病现状及其影响因素,为降低残疾患病率提供参考依据。方法利用2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据,计算中国居民残疾患病率,分析社会、经济、人口环境的变化对残疾发生的影响以及各类因素作用的方向和强度。结果中国居民残疾患病率为6.39%,不同性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、就业状况、职业、家庭人均年收入、省人均国内生产总值(GDP)居民残疾患病率均不同(P<0.001);多元Logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄(OR=1.043)、女性(OR=0.586)、在城市居住(OR=0.899)、不识字/文盲(OR=4.585)、小学文化程度(OR=2.743)、中学文化程度(OR=1.416)、在婚(OR=0.394)、离婚(OR=1.139)、丧偶(OR=0.412)、有工作(OR=0.304)、第I类职业(OR=0.707)、第II类职业(OR=1.160)、第III类职业(OR=0.800)、第V类职业(OR=1.092)、第VII类职业(OR=0.773)、第VIII类职业(OR=0.809)、第IX类职业(OR=0.562)、第X类职业(OR=0.522)、家庭人均年收入(OR=1.000)是中国居民残疾患病的主要影响因素;最大似然值变化幅度最大的因素依次为年龄、性别、在婚、不识字/文盲、家庭人均年收入、丧偶、有无工作、小学文化程度、第Ⅸ类职业、中学文化程度、第X类职业、居住地、第VII类职业、第VIII类职业、第II类职业、第I类职业、离婚、第V类职业、第III类职业。结论人口年龄结构的老化为残疾发生的最主要影响因素,教育水平的普遍提升会降低残疾发生的危险性,职业残疾风险的类别差异提示了工伤致残预防的重要性和优先级,宏微观经济环境对残疾发生具有间接影响作用。

Objective To examine the prevalence and the risk factors of disability in Chinese residents and to provide reference to reduce the prevalence of disability.Methods Based on the investigation of the Second National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006,the prevalence rates of disability of different populations were calculated and the effects of social,economic,demographic,and enviromental factors on the prevalence rates were analyzed.Results The prevalence rate of disability in Chinese residents was 6.39% based on the database.Prevalence rates of disability in the residents with different age,sex,place of residence,educational level,marital status,employment status,occupation,per capita household income,and provincial gross domestic product（GDP） per capita were different（P〈0.001 for all）.Results of binary logistic regression showed that age（odds ratio=1.043）,female（OR=0.586）,living in urban area（OR=0.899）,illiterate（OR=4.585）,primary school（OR=2.743）,secondary school（OR=1.416）,the married（OR=0.394）,divorced（OR=1.139）,widowed（OR=0.412）,employed（OR=0.304）,occupation type I（OR=0.707）,occupation type II（OR=1.160）,occupation type III（OR=0.800）,occupation type V（OR=1.092）,occupation type VII（OR=0.773）,occupation type VIII（OR=0.809）,occupation type IX（OR=0.562）,occupation type X（OR=0.522）,and household income per capita（OR=1.000） were the main risk factors of disability for Chinese residents.And the changes of-2 log likelihood caused by each factors ranked as age,gender,marriage status,illiteracy,household income per capita,widowed,unemployed,primary school,occupation type IX,secondary school,occupation type X,place of residence,occupation type VII,VIII,II,I,divorced,and occupation type V and III.Conclusion The study results showed that population aging was the most important risk factor for disability and general improvement of education could reduce the risk of disability.Differences between occupational categories in disability risk suggest the importance and priorities of injury prevention and micro-macro economic environment has an indirect impact on the risk of disability.