贵州黔西县定新乡留守儿童健康现况调查

Health condition of left-behind children in Dingxi county of Guizhou province

目的了解贵州省农村留守儿童的健康状况。方法对贵州省定新乡1所中学和4所小学的1 565名学生进行自制儿童问卷调查,对部分儿童进行智力、行为测试,对小学生进行体格检查。结果定新乡留守儿童比例为35.02%;留守与非留守小学男童的平均身高分别为128.74、130.46 cm,平均体重分别为27.31、28.71 kg;留守与非留守小学女童的身高分别为128.52、131.54 cm,平均体重分别为27.26、28.77 kg;同性别留守儿童的平均身高、平均体重均低于非留守儿童,差异有统计学意义;留守儿童的行为问题检出率为34.88%,非留守儿童为28.87%,其中处于青春期(12～16岁)的留守儿童行为问题检出率为41.40%,高于同年龄段非留守儿童的30.62%,差异有统计学意义;留守儿童与非留守儿童在智力方面差异无统计学意义。结论定新乡农村留守儿童比例较高,与非留守儿童比较,留守儿童生长发育较差,心理问题差异不明显,行为问题存在年龄分化现象。

Objective To study the health condition and characteristics of left-behind children in rural area of Guizhou province and to provide evidence for improving physical and psychological health of the children.Methods Totally 1 565 students selected from 5 schools were surveyed with a self-designed questionnaire and some of them were surveyed with Achenbach＇s Child Behavior Checklist（CBCL） and Raven＇s Standard Progressive Matrices（SPM）.Results The ratio of left-behind students among the students about 35.01%.The average hight of the left-behind and non-left-behind boys were 128.74 cm and 130.46 cm,and the average weight were 27.31 kg and 28.71 kg,respectively.The average hight of left-behind and non-left-behind girls were 128.52 cm and 131.54 cm and the average weight were 27.26 kg and 28.77 kg,respectively.There were significant differences in height and weight between left-behind children and non-left-behind children of the same gender.The prevalent rate of behavioral problems in the left-behind children were significantly higher than in non-left-behind children.There was no significant difference in the level of intelligence between the left-behind and non-left-hehind children.Conclusion The proportion of left-behind children is high in the rural area of Guizhou province and the growth and development of left-behind children are at a lower level.The status of mental health behavioral problem is different among the children of different age.