唐宋时期敦煌地区商业酒文化考述

Commercial Wine Culture in Dunhuang Area in Tang and Song Dynasties

商业酒文化最能反映一个时代的盛衰,敦煌地区在唐宋时期的商业酒文化亦然。本文勾勒盛唐至宋初敦煌酒文化的市场化从开酒行到开酒店的概况。特别对吐蕃占领敦煌时期的酒文化经历了野蛮奴隶制度和封建文明制度的对比,对吐蕃奴隶主统治下酒文化的特殊性做了侧重的剖析,愈显出大唐王朝酒文化的优越性,而认为奴隶制时期的敦煌酒文化不仅是停滞的,而且最不能忘记酒中奴隶的血泪,因为此时奴隶主已经"醉翁之意不在酒",只在于压迫。只有民族英雄张议潮结束吐蕃占领以后,敦煌商业酒文化,才能恢复发展和繁荣,而将商业酒文化繁荣推向北宋灿烂的年代。

Commercial wine culture could best reflect whether it is a prosperous or a declining time. So it is the same with that of Dunhuang area in Tang and Song dynasties. The present article outlines a general situation of wine culture in Dunhuang, especially analyses the particularity of wine culture under the reign of Tubo. After making a comparison between wine culture under the reign of Tubo and that of in feudalistic dynasties, we could easily recognize the superiority of wine culture in Great Empire of Tang. Dunhuang wine culture in slavery phase was stagnant and embodied a pressure to slaves. Only when national heroes Zhang Yichao ended the reign of Tubo, Dunhuang wine culture could revive and then flourish, and eventually advanced itself to a prosperous phase in Song dynasty.