现代西方艺术研究中的图像学方法

Iconology Method of Modern Western Art Research

图像学是20世纪上半叶西方流行的重要艺术研究方法。它和形式主义方法一样,产生于本学科的艺术研究实践。1912年瓦尔堡提出了图像学(ikonologisch)的概念,试图在艺术研究中融合其它人文学科,形成一种综合性研究。图像学方法经过潘诺夫斯基的阐释发展成一种成熟的研究方法,潘诺夫斯基用"前图像志描述"、"图像志描述"和"图像学阐释"来限定图像学研究的三个阶段,其核心在于发现艺术品的深层意义和人类心灵的基本倾向,"揭示一个国家、时期的宗教信念和哲学主张的基本立场"。在潘诺夫斯基等人的努力下,图像学方法有了迅猛发展,在20世纪上半叶形成了艺术研究中的"图像学时期"。

Iconology was a significant research method in early 20th century. In 1912, Warburg proposed the concept of iconology, and tried to include other humanistic disciplines into art research so as to form a comprehensive research method. Later on, Panofsky further developed it. He pointed out that there were three phases of the research： pre-iconographical description, iconographical analysis and iconological interpretation. It aimed to discover the profound meaning of an artwork, and the basic tendency of human mind, or ＂to reveal the fundamental standpoint of its religious belief and philosophy of a nation in a certain period.＂ With Panofsky＇s and others＇ effort, iconology method began to develop faster and faster, and even formed a ＂iconology era＂ in early 20th century.