甲午之前清政府驻外公使的选用

Selection of the Accredited Diplomatic Envoies in the Qing Dynasty before the Jiawu Battle

:甲午战前 ,清政府奉行的外交体制是一套所谓的“朝贡体制”。近代互派使节的制度开始于 19世纪 6 0年代。这一制度包括使节的级别、任期、奖惩规则等几个方面。对清政府而言 ,一个理想的使才应具有以下素质 :一是“体用悉备”;二是“为守兼优”;三是“有胆有识”;四是“通权达变”。甲午战前的驻外公使中 ,既有怀抱理想而走向世界的先驱者 ,也有庸庸懦懦的庸俗官僚 ,还有遭人议论。

WT5”BZ]:The diplomatic system pursued by the government of the Qing Dynasty before the Jiawu Battle is the system of “presenting tribute to the emperor”.The 1860's saw the beginning of the system of sending diplomatic envoies,in which the envoies' ranks,terms,rewards and punishments were laid down.Among the diplomatic envoies before the Jiawu Battle,some were ambitious forerunners and others were either mediocre & vulgar officials or condemned vile characters. [WT5”FZ]